Piaget
Deductive Reasoning | Domain Specific (Rathus, 2022, p. 501) | ||||||||
Inductive Reasoning | Formal Operational 12y+ | 40% of College Students (Flavell et al., 2002; Moshman, 2019) | |||||||
Egocentric [Reasoning] | Concerete Operational 7-11y | Abstraction Hypothetics Symbols of Symbols | |||||||
Causal [Reasoning] | Preoperational 2-7y | Conservation | Symbols for Unknown [Quantities] | ||||||
Sensorimotor 0-2y | Symbolism | Utopian Thinking | |||||||
Object Permanence | Metaphors |
Kohlberg’s Levels of Moral Development
Stage 6 Universal Ethics Principles Orientation | ||||||||
Stage 5 Contractual, Legalistic Orientation | ||||||||
Stage 4 | ||||||||
Stage 3 | ||||||||
Stage 2 | ||||||||
Stage 1 |